Each lobe consists of different types of cells, of which trophocytes, mycetocytes, oenocytes and cells with urate granules are of great significance. The ultimate branches of tracheae end in tracheole cells from which arise very fine tubes called tracheoles. Body Cavity 7. The cuticle forming the exoskeleton checks the loss of water from the body by evaporation and it also provides hard surface for the attachment of muscles. It also protects the wall of the midgut. The mouth opens behind into a short tubular pharynx which passes vertically upwards, then it bends backward into an oesophagus. The head bears a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae and appendages around the mouth. Sinus to heart through Ostia. The thorax consists of three segments, the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. Like other insects, Malpighian tubules are the main excretory organs of cockroach. Its body is clearly divisible into three regions, i.e., head, thorax and abdomen. You can see some Doc: Cockroach- Circulatory System NEET Notes | EduRev sample questions with examples at the bottom of this page. Some cells of the epidermis or hypodermis are modified to give rise to the movable bristles, such cells are called trichogen cells. (A) not related with respiration, because respiratory pigment absent. This juice contains amylolytic enzymes like invertase, maltase and lactase to complete the carbohydrate digestion; proteolytic enzymes like trypsin, proteases and peptidases to digest proteins into amino acids; lipolytic enzymes for the digestion of fats into fatty acids and glycerine. The exoskeleton of each segment has four separate sclerites which are joined together by delicate and elastic articular membrane. Cockroach prefers to live in damp but warm places and generally found in kitchens, hotels, bakeries, restaurants, warehouses, grocer’s shops, sewage, ships and public latrines, etc., where plenty of food is available. Below the vertex is a frons anteriorly which has a ventral clypeus. The hindgut is relatively broader than the midgut. In fact, the beating of hind-wings with the help of flight muscles helps the cockroach in flying. Blatt37L.gif. The labium belongs to the sixth segment of the head. Fused to the inner surface of labrum is a thin membranous plate, called the epipharynx. (3) Ventral chamber - Perineural sinus has nerve cord. There are ten pairs of spiracles or stigmata arranged segmentally; 2 pairs in the thorax and 8 pairs in the abdomen. This is egested out in the form of small dry pellets through the anus. The six legs are helpful in walking or running, when the cockroach is at rest, the coxae of the legs lie back against the body and the first legs are directed forward, the hind legs are stretched out posteriorly and the middle legs take whatever position is convenient. (3) Ventral chamber - Perineural sinus has nerve cord. The head is said to be formed by the fusion of six embryonic segments. Veins are strongly chitinised and enclose a small trachea; the larger veins also contain a fine nerve fibre. The alimentary canal starts from mouth and it consists of the preoral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, crop and gizzard forming the foregut or stomodaeum; the mesenteron forming the midgut and the ileum, colon and rectum constituting the hindgut or proctodaeum. N ‐Acetylation is proposed to be the major metabolic pathway for octopamine in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana ) nervous system. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. The nerve pentagon and the radial nerves consist of nerve fibrils with scattered bipolar and multipolar nerve cells. The radial nerve appears like a thick ‘V’- shaped body below the hypo-neural sinus. 73.12). Sinus to heart through Ostia. As referred earlier, insects have three endocrine glands, out of these only two are directly related with ecdysis and growth. Which organelle is known as “power house” of the cell? At the lateral side of each chamber is a pair of ostia, one on each side, the ostia are guarded by valves which allow blood to only enter the heart. In flight the wings are stretched horizontally, the anterior margins of the wings remain rigid but the rest of the wings yield to air pressure as the wings are moved up and down, so that when the wing moves downward, it is curved upwards and as the wing moves upward, it is bent downwards. The pseudopenis of the male is then inserted into the gonopore of the female and rotated transversely to hold it in position. The glandular cells of the internal lining of the midgut and hepatic caeca also produce juice containing digestive enzymes. Complete circulation of haemolymph through the body takes nearly 30 to 60 minutes. Thus, it is omnivorous in diet. Locomotion 4. Plants and animals sinus enclosing the ventral nerve cord. It shows clear cut segmentation in its body except the head. called alary muscles. As already mentioned above the two diaphragms separate the blood-filled sinuses. ... Ventral Chamber - Perineural sinus have nerve cord. Fig. You can download Free Doc: Cockroach- Circulatory System NEET Notes | EduRev pdf from EduRev by Body Wall 5. The anatomy of cockroach can be read from the external appearance and the internal organization. Digestive glands of cockroach generally include the salivary glands, the glandular cells of the midgut and hepatic caeca. Habit and Habitat of Cockroach 2. ... middle perivisceral sinus. Tergite (1) –sclerite of dorsal side Sternite (1) –sclerite of ventral side Arthrodial membrane –joins both Tergite and sternum. The tergites of these segments have fused to form a head capsule. The female cockroach carries the ootheca for several days and finally drops it in some dark, dry place. The membrane between the 5th and 6th abdominal terga forms two deep pockets in the male, each pocket has two slit-like pouches which are probably glandular and produce a secretion which excites the female for copulation in the breeding season. Abdomen consists of ten segments. The gizzard is followed by a narrow tube of uniform diameter representing the midgut or mesenteron. But as the growth proceeds, the blood vessels enlarge and swell into irregular spaces and finally they completely obliterate the perivisceral coelom and replace it by such irregular spaces called sinuses or lacunae. These are chains of cells found along the heart in the pericardial sinus or associated with the fat body, they also store nitrogenous wastes which may be removed later by the haemolymph. The embryonic development occurs in the ootheca, which takes nearly 5 to 13 weeks. Each mandible is stout, heavily sclerotised having teeth-like cutting plates at its inner edge. Each acinus is formed of two types of cells—zymogenic cells, packed with secretory granules and ductule containing cells with very less secretory granules but having plenty of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular bodies. The first pair of wings are heavily sclerotized and are known as elytra or tegmina. The potassium bicarbonate is absorbed back into the haemolymph but uric acid is left out in the lumen of the tubule. Stink gland present in between 5th and 6th tergum, it produce smell - which repel the enemies. The dorsal diaphragm is a fenestrated membrane, which separates the upper pericardial sinus from the lower perivisceral sinus. It has a proximal postmentum divided into a large submentum and a small poorly sclerotised mentum. Video: Cockroach- Respiratory and Nervous, Doc: Cockroach- Respiratory and Nervous System. Thus, by repeating this process in quick succession, cockroach flies. Opening of spiracles and subsequent diffusion of air occur due to the stimulation of spiracles by carbon dioxide. After the last ecdysis no further increase in size, i.e., growth occurs. Thus, the nymph forms a new exoskeleton by its hypodermis before the old one is cast off and growth can take place only before the new covering has hardened, because the tough exoskeleton does not allow increase in size. The neck has muscles which retract and protract the head and turn it up or down or from side to side. These glands are fairly large, irregular in shape and situated in the prothoracic segment. The process is repeated by the other three legs and the insect moves in a zig-zag fashion. The cockroach has a poorly developed set of wing muscles yet it can fly fairly well. Its junctional region with the gizzard, which actually surrounds the stomodaeal valve, is called cardia. It leaves the alimentary canal , just above the esophagus. These glands are also called utriculi majores. Each segment bears a pair of walking legs and the first pair of wings arise from the mesothorax, while the second pair from the metathorax. It contains ventral nerve cord. An electron microscopy study of the … The cuticle covering the papillae is very thin but its underlying epithelium is thick, this is perhaps an adaptive device for absorbing maximum water from the passing out faeces. However, the space between the body wall and gut represents the haemocoel which is filled with blood. The last tarsomere of the tarsus is often referred to as pretarsus and it terminates in two curved claws or ungues. Sometimes there is a small ventral perineural sinus surrounding the ventral nerve cord. The exoskeleton, at several places most particularly in the head and thorax, extends into the body internally to form the endoskeletal elements. Actually, the digestive juice secreted by the glandular cells of the midgut ascends into the crop through the gizzard. Inspiration and expiration take place through the spiracles; expiration is an active process but inspiration is passive. Air enters the spiracles during inspiration and comes to the tracheae, then it comes to the tracheoles which contain fluids, the O2 gets dissolved in these fluids and reaches the tissue cells. The ootheca is 12 mm in length, on one side it has a straight crest with a serrated margin, it contains 16 fertilised eggs standing vertically in two rows, the position of eggs can be seen on the outer surface of ootheca. Carbon dioxide also dissolves in the plasma and reaches the body surface which is permeable to gases and allows carbon dioxide to pass out. Body cavity of cockroach is known as haemocoel as it remains filled with haemolymph (blood). On its ventral surface many sensory setae are situated which are possibly gustatoreceptors. The anterior gonapophyses of the ovipositor are held by the right phallomere. The entire body of cockroach is covered by a hard brown-coloured exoskeleton. As it feeds it grows, its outer exoskeleton is cast off, and this process of shedding the exoskeleton is known as moulting or ecdysis which is controlled by the hormonal activity. The 10th tergum bears a pair of long, tapering anal cerci which is fifteen jointed. by 1-pair of pores, called "Ostia". Since, it belongs to the class ... Diaphragms have pores or fenestrae to permit hemolymph from one sinus to others. Each gland has a separate duct. This rounded keel at once distinguishes the female from the male. The inner lining of the midgut—the peritrophic membrane is permeable to digestive enzymes and digestive nutrients, therefore, the digestive enzymes meet the food to complete the digestion which is already going on. Attached to the dorsal diaphragm is a series of paired alary muscles, they are triangular in shape and their pointed outer ends are inserted into the terga. A pair of antennae arise from membranous sockets, one on either side below the eyes. The crop is followed by a gizzard or pro-ventriculus. The sense organs are antennae, eyes maxillary palps, labial palps, anal … Wigglesworth has noticed two distinct regions in each tubule; a distal blind secretory region which hangs freely in the haemocoel and a proximal absorptive region which opens into the gut. In expiration some carbon dioxide may pass out through the spiracles but the major part of it diffuses out through the cuticular covering of the body. The endocrine system of cockroach consists of inter-cerebral gland cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca and prothoracic glands. 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