Its founder was Huynh Phu So. However, parallel to this movement, there was another emergent movement known as the Hoa Hao movement. Evangelizing took the form of religious and academic education. So's background is not completely known; but most authorities agree that he was a mystic who saw a vision instructing him to launch a new religion. 3, No. These are viewed as a waste of money which would be better spent helping the needy. Huynh Phu So for his part was willing to engage in alliances with the colonialists in return for support against the Viet Minh. At these times, candles are lit on the altar, and joss-sticks are placed in the incense-burner; the caretaker of the temple gives several strokes of the The Buddha The death of Huynh Phu So thus marked the end of the Hoa Hao millenarianism and the beginning of purely communal politics. Moreover, the care of the living has priority over the welfare of the dead. During the early years of the Vietnam War in the 1960s, An Giang Province and its capital Long Xuyên were among the few places in the Mekong Delta where Viet Cong activity was minimal and American and South Vietnamese troops could move without fear of sniper attack. Although the Hoa Hao had an "army" of four combat battalions, they were eventually defeated by Saigon's much larger forces. The proscription on displaying Buddha statues on the household altar is borrowed from Islam's proscription on the worship of images. womens were more suppotive for the chipko movement… Vietnam Hoa Hao: Hoa Hao is an indigenous religious tradition, a variant of Buddhism practiced in the Mekong Delta. "The Hoa Hao: A Half-Century of Conflict", Asian Affairs, Vol. He performed miracles and helped the poor. He performed miracles and helped the poor. Aid to the poor is favored over pagoda-building or expensive rituals; religious and social ceremonies are ideally simple and modest, and are not to include the food offerings, divination services, and elaborate wedding and funeral customs found in some manifestations of Southeast Asian life. [citation needed] Two Hòa Hảo Buddhists self-immolated in 2005 to protest against religious persecution and more recently, after a wave of arrests of Hòa Hảo Buddhists, nine more were imprisoned in May 2007. Since then, Hòa Hảo split into two factions – more and less militant. Hoa Hao, in full Phat Giao Hoa Hao, Vietnamese Buddhist religious movement that was formed in 1939 by the Buddhist reformer Huynh Phu So. So preached that any Hoa Hao killing ten Viet Minh would have a straight pathway to heaven. 12, No. The Hoa Hao movement was found by a man called Huynh Phu So in1939. This rash and barbarous act resulted in a rupture incapable of subsequent reconciliation. By August 1940, the Can Tho authorities were alarmed by their activities and by the destabilizing influence of Huynh Phu So. Huynh Phu So was taken to Cho Quan hospital in Cho Lon and put under the care of a Vietnamese doctor named Nguyen van Tam. No longer forced to devote their military forces to the struggle against the central government, they were able to resume their feud with the Communists. The Bá»­u SÆ¡n Kỳ HÆ°Æ¡ng movement emerged in mid-19 th century, just before the French colonial conquest of the South. Is your HOA breaking the law? Ask questions, doubts, problems and we will help you. (ii) The founder of this movement was a man called Huynh Phu So. The final Saigon victories in 1962 signaled the end of the independent Hao Hao army. It soon became clear that religious autonomy and the attendant political freedom demanded by the Hoa Hao were incompatible with Viet Minh plans. The man behind this movement was Huynh Phu So. Movement by pseudopodia is called pseudopodial movement. Many believe that Hoa Hao Buddhism spread from Vietnam to the rest of the world, following his overseas travels. He divided diseases into two categories: those that were the result of ordinary ill-fortune, and those that were the result of karmic retribution. Hoa Hao insignias are round and brown and contain the picture of a white lotus an the initials of the movement. An important characteristic of this movement is its emphasis on peasant farmers, exemplified by the old slogan, "Practicing Buddhism While Farming Your Land". Hoa Hao was one such movement against the French which started in 1939 and became a rage in the Mekong Delta. Furthermore, the adepts are virtually leaderless. [2], The founder of the Hoa Hao was Huynh Phu So, who took for the name of his sect the village of Hoa Hao, in the Thot Not District of what is now An Giang Province. After the war, it continued as an independent force in Vietnamese politics, opposing both the French colonialists and the Viet Minh nationalist movement of Ho Chi Minh. The French, becoming increasingly distrustful of the Viet Minh, soon gave the Hoa Hao territorial hegemony in the southwestern delta. The Hoa Hao were too strong a force to allow the Saigon government the luxury of continued political or religious warfare. Phan Boi Chau met Liang Qichao in Yokohama in 1905. Taylor, Philip. He performed miracles and helped the poor. Master's advocacy of ritual frugality probably attracted many poor peasants by allowing them to turn practical necessity into religious virtue. The Hoa Hao vowed to wage eternal war against the Communists. Such an accommodation was not considered by the Hoa Hao as a betrayal of their nationalist goals, because the ultimate aim of sectarian independence was not compromised. The largest number of Hòa Hảo-ists live in Santa Ana, California, USA. Within a year, he had gathered a following of over 100,000 converts; and through his preaching, he established contact with another two million people in the Mien Tay region. Hoa Hao Buddhism is generally considered an apocalyptic religion: believers are held to anticipate the impending destruction of the world and seek refuge provided by faith. On the way, he was led into a trap in which he and his four escorts were attacked but three were assassinated. As brown is considered the combination of all colors, it is used to symbolize human harmony and the connectedness and interdependence of all people. A large community of ethnic Cham converts to Islam live in close proximity to Hoa Hao village. They are informed about and engaged with current developments, interested in news of the outside world, focused on social work, improving the physical infrastructure of their locale and the building of a moral community. The Hoa Hao took full advantage of this new-found independence to wage total war against the Communists, now known as the Viet Cong. (iii) He opposed the sale of child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium. Eventually the French provided arms for some 20,000 Hoa Hao troops. 13. In 2001 there were again serious protests and arrests; a female member of the religion reportedly committed self-immolation to protest against restrictions on religious freedom[4]. The most widely accepted sol-gel theory (Hyman, Mast, Pantin 1917-25) explains the formation of pseudopodia. He would no longer be one of many healers and preachers but the prophet of a distinct religious movement with its own name, built on the Buu Son Ky Huong tradition rather than simply part of it. The sayings of Patriarch Huynh were thus broadcast daily over loudspeakers. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hoa-Hao-Vietnamese-religious-movement. 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